AGM JOURNAL
Shahrisabz davlat pedagogika instituti
Ushbu maqolada global iqlim o‘zgarishi sharoitida o‘simliklarning tashqi muhit omillariga moslashishida molekulyar-genetik mexanizmlarning ahamiyati ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Haroratning ko‘tarilishi, suv tanqisligi, tuproq sho‘rlanishi va boshqa abiotik stress omillari o‘simliklarning o‘sishi, rivojlanishi hamda mahsuldorligiga sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Tadqiqotda o‘simliklarning stressga javob reaksiyalarini boshqaruvchi genlar, transkripsiya omillari, fitogormonlar va antioksidant himoya tizimlarining biologik vazifalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, zamonaviy biotexnologiya, genom tahrirlash va molekulyar seleksiya usullarining stressga chidamli o‘simlik navlarini yaratishdagi istiqbollari muhokama qilinadi. Tahlil natijasida o‘simliklarning moslashish xususiyatlari bir nechta molekulyar, fiziologik va biokimyoviy jarayonlarning o‘zaro bog‘liq faoliyatiga asoslanishi ko‘rsatiladi. Kalit so‘zlar: biologiya, iqlim o‘zgarishi, o‘simliklar fiziologiyasi, molekulyar genetika, abiotik stress, gen ekspressiyasi, qurg‘oqchilik, biotexnologiya, CRISPR-Cas9. ABSTRACT THE ROLE OF MOLECULAR GENETIC MECHANISMS IN PLANT ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE This review examines the importance of molecular genetic mechanisms in plant adaptation to environmental factors under global climate change. Increasing temperatures, water scarcity, soil salinity, and other abiotic stress factors significantly affect plant growth, development, and productivity. The article discusses the biological functions of stress-responsive genes, transcription factors, phytohormones, and antioxidant defense systems. Furthermore, the potential applications of modern biotechnology, genome editing, and molecular breeding in developing stress-tolerant plant varieties are considered. The review highlights that plant adaptation involves interconnected molecular, physiological, and biochemical processes.